Common and Frequently Asked Questions:
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ABS |
| Q. |
How do anti-lock braking systems work? |
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A. |
Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) use sensors at each wheel (or in the differential) to monitor wheel speed. These sensors can detect whether the wheels are about to lockup. All the ABS components (ABS pump, valve, computer/controller, and sensors) work in conjunction to minimize wheel lockup (skidding) by controlling the brake pressure at each individual wheel. By not locking up wheels, you maintain better control of your vehicle under hard braking conditions and when roads are slippery. |
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Advanced Frontal Air Bags |
| Q. |
How are advanced frontal air bags different from basic air bags? |
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A. |
Since 1998, dual frontal air bags for the driver and the passenger have been standard equipment for all passenger cars sold in the United States. Since 1999, all light trucks, vans, and SUVs were also required to have dual air bags. Over the years, air bag improvements have been made. Advanced frontal air bags, which have been in some vehicles since 2004, will be required in all new vehicles manufactured after September 1st, 2006 (2007 model year vehicles). Advanced systems use various sensors to minimize the risk of being injured by an air bag deployment, especially for children and small adults. These sensors commonly detect the size of the person sitting in the seat, the severity of the crash, the position of the seat, and whether or not the occupant is wearing a seat belt. The advanced systems inflate according to the sensor input. |
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Aerodynamic and Fuel Economy |
| Q. |
How does the shape of a car impact fuel economy? |
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A. |
During early design phases, engineers use computer simulation software and wind tunnels to design a vehicle's shape so it easily cuts through the air while driving. The lower the resistance the air puts on a vehicle, the lower the drag. When drag is low, an increase in fuel economy is noticed. Drag is a force that opposes forward motion. Drag is much more applicable at high speeds than at slow speeds. Among other factors (such as vehicle size, weight, and engine design), aerodynamic styling can significantly influence the fuel economy of a vehicle. To maintain the aerodynamic efficiency of your vehicle, do not add unnecessary accessories or modify the vehicle in a way that impacts the way the air flows around the vehicle. |
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Air Conditioning Fuel Consuption |
| Q. |
Does running the air conditioner make a car use more fuel? If so, would it be better to drive with the windows down when it is hot outside? |
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A. |
Running the air conditioner (AC) puts more of a load on the engine, resulting in higher fuel consumption. However, if you are running at highway speeds the AC actually consumes less fuel than if you drive with your windows down. When the windows are rolled down the aerodynamics of the car is less efficient, resulting in more drag. An increase in drag increases fuel consumption. Running the AC is more efficient than driving with the windows down at highway speeds. |
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Air Filter Replacement |
| Q. |
How often should air filter be replaced? |
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A. |
It is best to replace your air filter every 12,000 to 15,000 miles or as recommended in your owners manual. Air filter life is dependent on the air quality where you drive. If you frequently drive in a dusty area or on gravel roads you may need to replace it more often. To inspect the air filter remove it from its housing and hold it up to a bright light. Light should be clearly visible through the filter material. Replacing a dirty air filter is an easy way to improve fuel mileage. |
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Alternator or Battery |
| Q. |
Why is there a clicking sound when trying to start the car, and it would only start with jumper cables? |
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A. |
The problem could be caused by either the alternator or the battery. Check the voltage of the battery while the car is running, if it was 13.5 volts or more then your problem is the battery. If the voltage was less than that, then the problem is in the alternator. |
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Antifreeze or Engine Coolant |
| Q. |
What is the difference between antifreeze and engine coolant? |
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A. |
Antifreeze and engine coolant are commonly used interchangeably. Antifreeze is the actual product that is added to water to make engine coolant. Generally a 50% water to 50% antifreeze is the most common mixture for freeze and boil over protection used in engines. |
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Antifreeze Testing |
| Q. |
How often should car’s antifreeze be checked? |
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Test the antifreeze in the fall and in the spring. Antifreeze protects against the coolant freezing when cold and boiling over when hot. |
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Battery Corrosion |
| Q. |
How to clean corroded battery cables and what to do to make sure the corrosion doesn't come back? |
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A. |
Be sure to wear safety goggles, a dust mask, and rubber gloves. You do not want to get the corrosive dust or sulfuric acid in your eyes, in your lungs, or on your skin. First, clean cables with a mixture of baking soda and water. You only need about one tablespoon of baking soda per pint of water. A small wire brush works well to scrub the cable ends. After cleaning, rinse the terminals off well with water. If you need to remove the cables to get at all the corrosion, remove the negative cable first and then the positive. When reattaching the cables, install the positive cable first and then the negative. Use an anti-corrosive spray over the cable ends to minimize the likelihood of the corrosion coming back. |
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Battery Life |
| Q. |
What is the average life and cost of a car battery? |
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A. |
Car batteries commonly last around 4 years. The battery's life is dependant on the environment, the car's charging system, and usage. If your battery is more than 4 years old, get it load tested at an auto repair facility. The load test will indicate if your battery is close to failing. A new battery commonly costs between $50-100 and is cheap insurance to keep your car starting even on those cold days. |
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Battery Trouble |
| Q. |
What happens if the battery dies while driving? |
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A battery commonly won't give you trouble as the engine is running. The alternator provides the current at that time. You will notice battery troubles when you shut the car off and go to re-start. If the engine cranks slow, the battery may be getting weak. |
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Belt Squeal |
| Q. |
A high-pitched squeal coming from the engine. What could be the problem? |
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The vehicle may have a loose or glazed drive belt. Drive belts turn the water pump, air conditioning compressor, power steering pump, and alternator. When you accelerate you are putting more stress on the engine. As the belt is forced to rotate faster it may be slipping. The slipping can cause a squealing noise. |
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Belt-Alternator-Starter |
| Q. |
What is a belt-alternator-starter system? |
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A. |
A belt-alternator-starter (BAS) system is one type of hybrid vehicle, sometimes called a mild hybrid. In a BAS system, the alternator and starter are combined into one unit. The BAS connects to the engine via a serpentine belt and is mounted like a traditional alternator. The BAS has the ability to crank over the engine, provide additional power during acceleration, and incorporate regenerative braking into the vehicle. In addition to being able to reclaim some previously lost energy through regenerative braking, vehicles with BAS systems can shut down at stops and restart upon acceleration which further increases fuel economy. |
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Black Smoke |
| Q. |
What could cause black smoke to emit from the exhaust? |
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A. |
Black smoke is usually an indication of the engine getting too much fuel (aka “running rich”). Excess fuel may be entering the combustion chamber. A faulty fuel injector, fuel pressure regulator, PCV valve, clogged catalytic converter, vacuum leak, overdue tune-up, or various engine control sensors could cause the engine to run rich. |
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Blinking Airbag Light |
| Q. |
What does a flashing “SRS” light mean? |
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A. |
SRS is an acronym for “Supplemental (or Safety) Restraint System”, more commonly known as the airbag. A blinking airbag light indicates that the airbags are not working and there is a malfunction in the system. You need to bring the vehicle to the dealer or a qualified service center. Technicians can retrieve codes from the car’s computer to diagnose the problem. |
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Block Heaters |
| Q. |
What is a block heater? |
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A. |
A block heater is a heating element that is put into the engine block to heat the antifreeze. By heating the antifreeze, heat is transferred throughout the block making it easier to start the engine in cold weather. To install a block heater, a technician removes a plug in the engine block, puts in a block heater element in place of the plug, and then connects an electrical cord to the element routing it through the grill. When the temperature is extremely cold outside, plug in the block heater ½ hour to 1 hour before starting to warm the engine. |
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Blown Head Gasket |
| Q. |
Antifreeze is leaking into the oil. How could this happen? |
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A. |
A worn head gasket, cracked engine block, or cracked head could cause antifreeze/coolant to enter the oil system. Check to see if you are losing antifreeze over time or if the antifreeze is also contaminated with oil. You can have your car's fluids tested at a lab to confirm the diagnosis. Another sign is excessive white smoke coming from the tailpipe. Overheating the engine is the most common cause for failure of the head, engine block, or head gasket. |
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Blue Smoke |
| Q. |
What could cause blue smoke to come from car’s tailpipe? |
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A. |
Blue smoke indicates oil burning. This usually signifies that the piston rings are worn. When the piston rings are worn, oil can bypass the piston and enter the combustion chamber. The oil is then burned with the air-fuel mixture. Your engine may need rebuilding. |
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Brake Pad Squeal |
| Q. |
After installing a new brake pads a squeal sound comes out when applying the brakes, what is causing that? |
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A. |
Sometimes new brake pads are made out of a harder semi-metallic material than the original equipment pads. I would always recommend installing OEM (original equipment manufacturer) brake pads or the highest quality that are available. |
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Brake Pad Wear |
| Q. |
How long should brake pads last on cars? |
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A. |
Brake pad wear depends on the vehicle and how it is driven. A car driven in stop and go traffic is surely going to wear the brakes faster than one that is mostly highway driven. Trucks, SUV’s, and other vehicles that tow trailers will wear brakes faster than average passenger cars. Excessive brake use during mountainous type driving will increase brake wear. On most new vehicles you should be able to get at least 50,000 miles on a set of brake pads. |
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Brake Rotors |
| Q. |
Do brake rotors need to be replaced when replacing the brake pads? |
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A. |
Not always. Brake rotors can usually be refinished using a brake lathe. This refinishing process is sometimes called turning the rotors. The technician will measure the thickness of the rotor using a micrometer and determine if the rotor can be refinished. Auto manufacturers list the minimum allowable rotor thickness for each vehicle model. If the rotors are excessively warped or worn to the extent that they cannot be turned, then they must be replaced. |
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Brakes Pulsating |
| Q. |
Why does brake pedal pulsate while applying the brakes? |
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A. |
Under heavy braking, you might feel the ABS (Antilock Braking System) working. If you are getting a pulsation under normal braking, your wheel lug nuts may be unevenly tightened. Lug nuts should be evenly tightened using a torque wrench. |
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Burning Smell After Oil Change |
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A smell is entering the cabin at a stop light, or when fresh air is entering. The smell wasn't noticed until after an oil change What is the explanation for this? |
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One possible explanation may be that during the oil change, oil was spilled on the exhaust manifold or engine block. Now the oil is burning off when the engine gets hot and is releasing that smell. Inspect the area around the oil fill cap for any oil that may have spilled when the technician added oil to the engine. Another possibility is that when the technician replaced the oil filter the old oil filter gasket stuck to the engine block. Then when the new filter was installed, the two stacked gaskets cause the oil the leak. The oil could be leaking on the exhaust and burning off. Look around the oil filter for signs of leakage. Also check to make sure the oil plug is tight. |
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Cabin Air Filters |
| Q. |
What is a cabin air filter how often should it be changed? |
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A. |
A cabin air filter is used to clean the air coming into the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC). This filter does similar things as high efficiency filters in homes with forced air furnaces. It cleans the air in the HVAC system by removing pollen, dust, bacteria, and other contaminants. This cleaning increases the passenger's cabin air quality. Without a filter or running the system with a dirty filter can cause the air quality inside the passenger cabin to be much worse than the outside air. The cabin air filter should be changed every 12,000 to 18,000 miles, depending on the air quality and road conditions where the vehicle is driven. It is commonly located near the glove box or under the hood in the outside air intake for the HVAC system. |
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Car Overheating |
| Q. |
Why does a car overheat when in traffic? |
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When moving down the highway air is forced through your car's radiator to help cool the engine. Your radiator fan is also designed to draw air through the radiator to assist in this cooling process, especially at slow speeds or when stopped. Depending on your vehicle, you either have an electrical fan or one that is mechanically belt driven. If you are hearing a belt noise, check the belt tension. Do this by pushing down on the belt between two pulleys when the engine is off. You should only have about a half inch of deflection (movement) for each foot of length between two pulleys. If you have more deflection than this, the belt may be loose and slipping. Also inspect the belt to see if it is cracked, glazed, torn, or if pieces are missing. A slipping belt can also cause the water pump not to circulate the coolant efficiently. If your vehicle has an electric fan, the sensor that sends the signal to run the fan or the electric motor itself may be faulty. Remember to always work on an engine when it is off and that an electric fan can start at any time even when the key is off. Disconnect the negative battery cable for safety. |
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Clean Diesels |
| Q. |
What are clean diesels? |
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Diesel powered cars only represent a small market share in canada and the United States, but that may change. Automobile manufacturers have been working to make diesel engines burn much cleaner than their predecessors to meet the increasingly stringent emission standards. DaimlerChrysler has produced a diesel engine called BLUETEC. These engines run on ultra low sulfur diesel and use particulate filters, Nitrogen Oxide traps, and special catalytic converters to substantially reduce tailpipe emissions. |
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Clicking Noise |
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What might cause a clicking noise when turning sharply on a front-wheel drive car? |
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Worn CV joints can cause a clicking noise. CV (Constant Velocity) joints are used on front-wheel, four-wheel, and all-wheel drive vehicles. The CV shaft transfers power from the transmission to the wheels. The joint is the flexible part in the shaft. It needs to be flexible to allow for suspension movement and turning. If the boot around the CV joint gets torn, dirt and moisture may enter and the grease in the joint may come out. Foreign particles, with the absence of a sufficient quantity of grease, corrode and ruin the joint. Eventually if the joint is not replaced it will break and you will need to be towed. |
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Coolant Smells Like Oil |
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There is a smell of oil in radiator. The coolant looks dark and muddy. What is going on? |
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Have the radiator flushed and refilled with the proper antifreeze. Hopefully the old coolant is your only problem. After you have it flushed, keep an eye on the antifreeze condition. If you have an automatic transmission where the radiator cools both the coolant and the transmission fluid, the transmission fluid could be leaking into the radiator. Some vehicles may also have an integrated engine oil cooler located in the radiator, but designed to keep the oil separate from the coolant (like transmission oil coolers). If the radiator reservoirs do not keep these fluids separate, oil could leak into the coolant. One last thing, oil in the coolant could also be an indicator of a cracked head gasket or other gasket that is leaking oil into the cooling system. Check the engine oil and transmission oil to make sure you don't have coolant mixing with these fluids. |
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Door Hinge Squeak |
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What to use to get rid of the squeak from car door hinge? |
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The hinge is squeaking due to friction and a lack of lubrication. Using a couple drops of motor oil, WD-40, 3-in-one oil, silicone spray, or white lithium grease will usually eliminate the squeak and lubricate the pivoting point. Lubricate the door hinges about once a year to avoid future problems. |
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Electric Radiator Fan |
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Do all cars have a belt that turns the coolant fan? |
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No. Many fans are driven by an electric motor. Most new passenger cars use an electric fan because it is more efficient and more suitable for front-wheel drive vehicles. Use caution when working on a vehicle with an electric fan. Electric fans can start without the engine running. Keep your fingers away from the fan area. If you need to work near an electric fan, disconnect your car's negative battery cable. |
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Engine Flush |
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How often should the entire engine be flushed? |
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If the engine has been properly maintained (oil changed every 3,000 miles/3 months or as recommended by the manufacturer) then an engine flush should not be necessary. Take off the oil filler cap and see if sludge is built up in the underside of the cap. If there is a build up of sludge in the engine, then you may want to flush it. Some service centers have special machines, or if you do decide to flush it yourself there are products you can purchase at your local parts store. |
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Engine Mounts |
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A loud clunking noise coming from the engine compartment when accelerating or fast stopping. What might be the problem? |
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You may have a worn or broken engine mount. To check the motor mounts, pop open the hood and start the engine. Have a friend apply the parking brake and put his/her foot on the brake pedal. Your helper should keep one foot on the brake, put the transmission in drive, and then apply some pressure to the accelerator. Inspect engine movement from the side of the car. Never stand in front of the car. The engine will rock some, but should not move excessively. |
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Engine Oil |
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What is the difference between 5W-30, 10W-30, and 10W-40 oils? |
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The difference in the oils is viscosity. Viscosity is defined as the resistance to flow. Oils that have two numbers in their rating are called multi-grade oils. Oils that have lower numbers are lighter (thinner) than oils that have higher numbers. Multi-grade oils are tested at various temperatures, allowing them to be used in a variety of climates and conditions. When the engine is cold the oil must be thin enough to get to all of the engine’s components, but when the engine warms up the oil must not be too thin as to enhance engine wear. For example, 5W-30 oil acts like SAE 5 when cold and SAE 30 when warm. Always refer to your owner’s manual for the correct viscosity rating for your vehicle. |
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Engine Oil Checking |
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How often should car’s oil be checked? |
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Oil is crucial to your car engine’s longevity. Get into the habit of checking the oil every time you fill up with fuel. Checking the oil often will help you identify oil leaks early. This simple task could save you thousands of dollars in repairs. |
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Failed Emissions Test |
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What could cause high levels of emission? |
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High NOx (oxides of nitrogen) levels can be caused by incorrect ignition timing (common cause on older vehicles), faulty EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system, engine running lean (air-fuel ratio), engine overheating, carbon deposit buildup in the combustion chambers, or a defective catalytic converter. |
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Filling Up |
| Q. |
When filling up is it OK to top off the tank? |
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You should not top off the tank. Topping off the tank increases the likelihood of spills and can cause excess fuel to evaporate in the air. When this happens you are polluting the environment and wasting money spent on fuel that you are not using. Fuel vapors are toxic and bad for your health. Overfilling can also cause your car’s fuel vapor system not to work properly. Besides, your tank needs additional space for fuel to expand. To avoid any potentially hazardous situations, stop fueling when the pump clicks the first time. |
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Fire Extinguishers |
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What type of fire extinguishers to keep in my car? |
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Generally if you need to extinguish a car fire it is most likely to be an electrical or gasoline/fuel fire. Any multipurpose 2.5 to 4 pound ABC classed fire extinguisher will be suitable for that. |
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Flex-fuel Vehicle |
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What is a flexible fueled vehicle? |
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A flexible fueled (flex-fuel) vehicle is designed to run on regular unleaded gasoline or alcohol-based fuels (ethanol or methanol). The two most common types of alcohol fuels are E-85 fuel that is 85% ethanol – 15% unleaded gasoline and M-85 fuel that is 85% methanol and 15% unleaded gasoline. The engine can run any mixture of the fuels. Since the vehicle utilizes only one fuel tank and one engine, it has a fuel sensor that identifies the alcohol mixture in the fuel line to adjust engine controls as necessary. Given that alcohol based fuel is slightly more corrosive than unleaded gasoline, engine and fuel system modifications are also necessary. |
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Fogged Windshield |
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What causes fog to form on the inside of car's windshield during cold weather? |
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Fog forms from humidity in the air. In the winter the air outside the vehicle is generally very dry. Moisture is added to air inside the car from passengers breathing. Exhaled air is very moist. To reduce the moisture in the air inside the car you need to keep air flowing in from the outside. Many car heating and cooling systems have two settings: (1) to recirculate the air or (2) to bring air in from the outside. Since the cold air is less humid, turn the setting so the air is brought in from the outside. You can also use the air conditioning (AC) with the temperature control set to hot to heat the inside passenger compartment. The AC will pull excess moisture from the air. |
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Fouled Spark Plugs |
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What does this mean and how does a spark plug get fouled? |
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A fouled spark plug has been coated with excessive oil, fuel, or other by-products of combustion such as carbon. These deposits coat the insulator tip of the spark plug. When this happens, the insulator part now acts as a conductor of electricity and will short out the electrical spark. Your engine could have several plugs fouled or just one. Depending on the extent and the number fouled, bad spark plugs can cause the engine to lose power, run rough, overheat, and even not run at all. |
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Fuel Filter Replacement |
| Q. |
How often should the fuel filter be replaced? |
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Clogged or partially restricted fuel filters slow fuel delivery to fuel injectors, lower the performance of the engine, and cause excessive wear on the fuel pump. The fuel filter removes rust and other contaminants in the fuel. It is a good idea to change the fuel filter every 2 years, 24,000 miles, or as recommended by the automotive manufacturer. |
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Fuse Location |
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Where would I find the fuse panel? |
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Fuse panels can be located in various places: under the hood, under the dash, driver's side edge of the instrument panel, or in the glove box. Look in your owner's manual's index under "fuses and circuit breakers" to find the specific location on your vehicle. Your owner's manual should also show you a diagram of the panel with all the fuses identified. |
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Gas Fumes |
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A smell of GAS fumes is coming from the car's air vents. Is that dangerous? |
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Do not drive the car. Have it towed to a technician immediately. Gasoline fumes can be dangerous. You must have a gas leak somewhere. The air vents are pulling outside air into the passenger cabin. The outside air must be getting contaminated with gas vapors (probably from the engine compartment). A gas leak can be dangerous, so get it checked out by a qualified technician. |
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Gas Odor |
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There is a strong gas odor outside and inside the vehicle. What could it be? |
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A. |
You may have a fuel injector that is leaking or a faulty vapor recovery system. Leaking fuel or vapors can be dangerous. Have your vehicle's fuel delivery and vapor recovery system checked out by a qualified ASE certified technician. |
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Headlight Bulb Keeps Burning Out |
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What would cause headlight bulb to blow out frequently? |
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A. |
Make sure the headlight lens does not have any cracks. If moisture is getting in it will burn out quicker. Also check to make sure the electrical socket is not corroded. If it is, use an electrical cleaner and then put a dab of dielectric grease in the socket. When installing the new bulb, do not touch the glass part. Oil from your hands may shorten the bulb's life. |
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Hit Curb with Wheel |
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Will hitting curbs cause damage to the car or the wheels? |
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Running into a curb could change the wheel alignment, loosen wheel weights, and damage the tires. When parallel parking, you should stay six to twelve inches from the curb. If you do hit the curb and then notice your steering wheel pulling one way during regular driving, have the alignment checked. |
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Hole in Muffler |
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Is driving a car with a hole in the muffler dangerous? |
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A hole in the muffler may allow exhaust gases to enter the car’s passenger cabin. Carbon monoxide, a toxic substance in exhaust, comes from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., gasoline and diesel) and is colorless, tasteless, and odorless. It is a very dangerous and deadly gas. When inhaled, carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, carbon monoxide displaces oxygen and thereby reduces the body’s ability to absorb and transport oxygen to vital organs. I would recommend replacing the muffler to minimize the chance of breathing in these fumes. |
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Hybrid Vehicle |
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What is a hybrid vehicle and why should I consider one for my next vehicle purchase? |
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Any vehicle that combines multiple power sources for movement is considered a hybrid. Hybrid vehicles on the market today use an electric motor and an internal combustion engine for propulsion. Hybrids evolved from electric vehicles but have eliminated their predecessor’s inconveniences of short driving distances and the need to be plugged in. Hybrids combine the convenience of a gasoline-burning car and the efficiency of an electric car into one reliable mode of transportation. Hybrids are not plugged in like electric vehicles. The internal combustion engine on a hybrid recharges the batteries as well as supplements the electric motor to move the vehicle. Hybrid passenger cars like the Honda Civic Hybrid, Honda Insight, and Toyota Prius are extremely fuel efficient (50-70 MPG) and low polluting. Look for hybrid SUVs in the near future. For example, the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV will be available later this year. Consider buying a hybrid if you want to lower your fuel bill and reduce harmful emissions. |
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Increasing Fuel Mileage |
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What are some ways to get better fuel mileage on a vehicle? |
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A. |
Performing periodic maintenance is extremely important in attaining the best fuel economy. Some of the most important ways to increase fuel economy include inflating tires to the correct pressure, installing a clean air filter, and performing required tune-ups. |
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Jumper Cable Gauge Sizes |
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What is the difference between 4 gauge and 10 gauge? |
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A. |
The gauge is the size of the wire. The lower the gauge number, the larger the diameter of wire. The lower gauge (larger wire) jumper cables are more expensive, but more electrical current can flow through them. They also stay more flexible in cold temperatures, which make them easier to use. I would recommend that you buy 4 gauge jumper cables. |
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Keyless Remote |
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Why isn't the keyless entry system working? |
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A. |
Periodically you will need to change the battery in the keyless remote. As the battery’s life is near the end, it may work intermittently. You should be able to purchase a new battery at most discount department stores and automotive parts stores. |
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Low Profile Tires |
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What is a low profile tire? |
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A. |
Low profile tires are normally considered performance tires. However, they have become increasingly popular on many types of vehicles due to consumer demand for sportier looks on average cars. Low profile tires have short sidewalls and wide treads. Low profile tires are generally more responsive to driver controls, especially in cornering. Even though low profile tires provide a sportier look and improved handling, there are trade-offs. Since low profile tires have short and stiff sidewalls, the vehicle's ride is commonly more ridged as compared to tires with taller, more flexible sidewalls. They are also more expensive. |
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Muffler Dripping Water |
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What would cause water to drip from the back of the car’s muffler? |
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Auto manufacturers commonly put a “weep” hole on the rear, bottom part of the muffler. This allows water to exit, reducing inside corrosion. Water is a normal tailpipe emission created by the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter reduces harmful gases that come from the engine (e.g., carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides) and changes them into water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen gas. The water that is dripping from your tailpipe is from this process and from condensation inside the exhaust system. |
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Muffler Replacement |
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How often should a car muffler be changed? |
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A. |
Mufflers are not on a scheduled maintenance interval like oil changes. They often last 100,000 miles or so, but this depends on the specific vehicle and driving conditions. Inspect the muffler for rust holes or lightly tap on the bottom of the muffler with a hammer. If you hear debris/rust bouncing around inside the muffler it is time for replacement. |
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Natural Gas Vehicles |
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What are the advantages of a natural gas vehicle as compared to a gasoline powered vehicle and where do you fill up the tank? |
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A. |
Natural gas vehicles emit fewer pollutants than vehicles powered by gasoline. Another advantage is that natural gas prices tend to be more stable than gasoline. There are over 750 natural gas fueling stations in the United States. Also, if your home is hooked up to a natural gas pipeline, a retrofit can be done so you can fuel up at your own home. For more information regarding home fueling stations, go to www.myphill.com. |
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Octane Ratings |
| Q. |
What is the difference between regular and premium gasoline and is it worth spending the extra money for premium? |
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A. |
Pumps are commonly labeled regular, mid-grade, or premium. The main difference in the fuel is the octane number. Regular is commonly 87, mid-grade 89, and premium 92-93. The higher the octane number the more the fuel resists combusting under compression. If the octane rating is too low for your specific engine design, the engine may “ping” due to the fuel igniting prematurely. Use the recommended octane number that is listed in your owner’s manual. Try a higher octane fuel only if your engine “pings” or “knocks”. If your engine runs fine on the recommended octane number, stay with that grade of fuel and don’t spend more money on a premium fuel. |
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Orange Cables |
| Q. |
Some of the cars had electrical cables that were orange under the hood. Why are the cables orange? |
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A. |
Orange cables represent high voltage. Higher voltages are being used on hybrids. For example, a 2007 Toyota Highlander hybrid has a 288V DC Nickel Metal Hydride battery and an electric motor with a max voltage output of 650V. Be extremely careful around these high voltage cables. |
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Oxygen Sensor Replacement Intervals |
| Q. |
Is it common to replace Oxygen sensors as a normal tune-up item? What do they cost? |
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A. |
Oxygen (O2) sensors should be replaced as a preventative maintenance item. Check your owner’s manual for the specific maintenance timeline. In general, O2 sensors should be replaced between 30,000-100,000 miles depending on the style of sensor and vehicle type. Your vehicle could have as many as four O2 sensors. A correctly functioning O2 sensor could increase fuel economy as much as 10-15% over one that is not working properly. O2 sensors typically cost between $50-$100 each. |
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Paintless Dent Repair |
| Q. |
What is paintless dent repair? |
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A. |
This is a process that removes dents and dings without affecting the paint. A technician goes behind the panel using special tools to work out the dent. No sanding or body filler is used on this technique. Paintless dent repair methods can be used if the paint has not been scraped or cracked. However, not all dents can be repaired using this method. |
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Platinum Spark Plugs |
| Q. |
What are platinum spark plugs? |
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A. |
Platinum plugs last much longer than regular conventional spark plugs. Platinum spark plugs can be single or double platinum. Single platinum plugs one have platinum on the center electrode. Double (or dual) platinum plugs have a platinum center electrode and a platinum pad on the negative electrode. Platinum spark plugs are generally guaranteed for 100,000 miles. |
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Power Window Sticks |
| Q. |
What type of lubricant can be used on power windows to make them go up and down smooth? |
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A. |
A silicone type spray available in an aerosol can is usually recommended. Lightly spray the lubricant in the window tracks every six months or so. This type of lubricant will reduce the friction of the window going up and down, putting less strain on the window lift motor. |
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Preparing for a Summer Trip |
| Q. |
What should be inspected in the car before going on a summer trip? |
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A. |
First things first, check the motor oil and change if necessary. Be sure to use the correct oil viscosity as recommended by the manufacturer. Then check all the other fluid levels including the transmission, power steering, brake, coolant, and windshield washer. Inspect the radiator hoses for leaks, cracks, or bulges. Replace if necessary. Also inspect the belt. Most vehicles today have one serpentine belt that turns the air conditioning compressor, alternator, power steering pump, and water pump. Look for cracks or frays in the belt and replace if necessary. Finally check the tires for wear and inflate to the recommended pressure. |
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Preparing for Winter |
| Q. |
What should be inspected in the car before winter hits? |
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A. |
To keep your car running smoothly, have the oil changed and other routine maintenance completed as scheduled. Check all the fluid levels. Most importantly make sure the antifreeze is tested. You want to make sure your car’s antifreeze is protected to about –34 degrees Fahrenheit. A load test on the battery is also beneficial to see if it will make it through the winter. If the battery is over 5 years old, you may need a new one. Check the tread depth on the tires. You want to make sure you have plenty of tread (more than 5/32nds of an inch), especially if you travel in snow regions. Inspect the car’s wiper blades for torn or dried out rubber. Prepare a winter survival kit and place it in the trunk. |
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Preventative Maintenance and Safety Checks |
| Q. |
What additional things should a service center check when performing an oil change? |
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A. |
Most high quality service centers in addition to changing the oil and filter will perform a preventative maintenance and safety check. These procedures include checking and topping off all the fluid levels; inspecting the belts, hoses, tires, wipers, and air filter; adjusting tire pressure if necessary; checking all lights; inspecting the C-V boots (when applicable); and, lubricating the chassis (when applicable). |
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Radiator Leak |
| Q. |
Would it be alright to put dish detergent in a radiator to find a leak by having the bubbles come out? |
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A. |
This is not recommended. Commonly two methods are used: an ultraviolet light detection system or a pressure tester. An ultraviolet (UV) light system uses a dye that is put into the cooling system. Once the coolant has circulated, then a UV light is used to locate the leak. The leak will glow under the UV light. Another method to use is a cooling system pressure tester. A pressure tester adds pressure to the cooling system pushing out the coolant at the leak. |
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Resetting the Service Indicator Light |
| Q. |
Even after changing the car oil the “change oil” light still stays on. How to reset this light? |
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A. |
New cars are commonly equipped with service indicator lights to remind auto owners when to perform some basic maintenance procedures such as oil changes. Each manufacturer has its own method of resetting the light. Look in your owner’s manual or complete an Internet search of the vehicle’s make and model and include the phrase “resetting service indicator light.” |
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Road Salt and Rust |
| Q. |
How to prevent rust from forming? |
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A. |
Rust occurs when water, iron, and oxygen combine. Salt can accelerate this process. The best advice I can give is to wash and wax your car regularly. Wax your car at least twice each year – once in the fall and once in the spring. In the winter, wash your car once every two weeks. When washing your car, be sure to spray under the wheel wells to remove any debris and road grime. Clean any frame drainage holes so moisture doesn’t become trapped on the metal. Dry the insides of the door, hood, and trunk. |
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Road Tar |
| Q. |
What should be used to get road tar off paint? |
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A. |
A product called "Bug and Tar Remover" can be used to remove road tar. Bug and tar remover comes in wipes, aerosol cans, gels, spray bottles, and pour bottles. Often you only have to apply the product and wipe off with a shop towel. Real stubborn spots may require rubbing. Follow instructions on the product. Depending on the brand, tar remover may strip the wax off the paint. Once you have removed the tar, wash the spots with car wash soap, rinse, and then apply a new coat of wax to the area. |
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Rotten egg smell |
| Q. |
What could be causing a rotten egg smell to come out of the tailpipe? |
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A. |
The smell is from a sulfur buildup in the catalytic converter. The converter or other emission system component may be faulty. If the check engine light has come on, a diagnostic code is triggered and stored in the car’s computer. A service technician can retrieve the code with a scan tool. Sometimes you can get a tank of gas that has a high sulfur content. Try filling up with a different brand of gasoline. If this doesn’t work, a repair facility may be able to diagnose the problem further by using an exhaust gas analyzer. |
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RPM Tachometer |
| Q. |
What does the letters RPM on the dashboard represent? |
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A. |
RPM stands for Revolutions Per Minute. This instrument gauge is called a tachometer. The tachometer measures the number of times (per minute) the crankshaft makes a complete revolution. Running an engine in or near the red RPM line puts excessive strain on engine components, could damage the engine, or ultimately shorten its life. |
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Serpentine Belts |
| Q. |
What is a serpentine belt? |
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A. |
A serpentine belt is sometimes referred to as a fan belt. However, a serpentine belt may or may not rotate the fan. It is flat on one side and has grooves that run parallel with the belt on the other. The serpentine belt connects the engine's crankshaft, alternator, water pump, power steering pump, air conditioning compressor, and sometimes the fan. If the serpentine belt breaks, you will need a tow. To be on the safe side, replace it about every 50,000 miles. |
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Shaking at 40 mph |
| Q. |
Traveling around 40 mph the car begins to shake. What could be causing this problem? |
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A. |
Shaking can be caused by tires being out of balance, broken belts in a tire, or worn suspension components. Tires that are out of balance can cause vibrations at different speeds leading to unsafe driving. Bring your car in to a tire service center to have your tires inspected and rebalanced. |
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Shocks/Struts Worn |
| Q. |
car begins to bounce unsteadily when hitting a street bump. What is going on? |
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A. |
The shocks and/or struts on the vehicle may need replacing. Shocks are used on some vehicles, others use struts, while some vehicles use struts in the front and shocks in the rear. Shocks and struts are part of the car's suspension system designed to absorb bumps, keep the tires contacting the road, and stabilize the car in corners. Worn shocks and struts can cause a hazardous driving situation. |
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Smog |
| Q. |
What causes smog? |
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A. |
Smog (photochemical smog) is a type of air pollution. The word smog originally came from the two words smoke and fog. Photochemical smog forms from hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and sunlight. Automobiles and other fossil fuel burning engines contribute to photochemical smog by emitting hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides into the air. |
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Snow Tires vs. All-Season Tires |
| Q. |
Why are snow tires used if all-season radials are supposed to be good all year? |
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A. |
For many drivers, all-season radials will be sufficient. However, if you live in the snow belt and do a large amount of winter driving you may want to consider snow tires. Snow tires have a more aggressive tread and are more flexible than all-season tires. This gives snow tires superior traction in the winter. Even though an all-season radial may have a "M+S" (mud and snow) designation, it is not truly a snow tire. A certified snow tire will have a snowflake-on-a-mountain icon on the tire's sidewall. This designation identifies that the tire met strict standards during American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) snow tests. |
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Spark Plug Gap |
| Q. |
What does it mean to gap a spark plug? |
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A. |
When you gap a spark plug you set the distance between the electrodes. The side electrode, also called the ground electrode, is the piece that protrudes out and makes an “L” shape. The center electrode is the piece that is in the center of the plug. The distance between the two electrodes has to be exact for the spark to fire correctly; otherwise the engine will not run efficiently. To gap a spark plug insert a wire gap gauge or a flat feeler gauge between the electrodes and adjust to the correct gap distance. The gap distance is usually given in thousandths of an inch. The correct gap distance should be on the EPA sticker in the engine compartment. |
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Starter Grinding |
| Q. |
When starting the car, a grinding noise comes out, but other wise the car runs fine. |
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A. |
Three things can commonly cause this sound. The starter drive in the starter may be faulty. Another possible problem could be the flywheel. The flywheel is connected to the engine's crankshaft. A loose starter could also cause this type of grinding. Check the mounting bolts to make sure they are tight. |
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Steering Wheel Pulls to One Side |
| Q. |
What may cause the steering wheel to pull to one direction while driving? |
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A. |
Your car is most likely out of alignment. Incorrect alignment reduces tire life and can cause unsafe driving. You should take your car to a tire shop or service center that specializes in wheel alignments. Correcting the alignment will increase fuel economy, improve handling, and extend tire life. |
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Storing a Vehicle |
| Q. |
What precautions should be taken when a car is being stored for a long period of time (e.g., several years)? |
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A. |
Change the engine oil. Dirty oil has moisture and contaminants that can increase rust in the engine. Fill up the gas tank to minimize condensation, reducing the likelihood of rust forming in the fuel system. Then add a fuel stabilizer to the fuel tank. One product that seems to work well is Sta-bil®. Run the engine to get the stabilizer throughout the fuel system. Test the coolant and make sure that it is clean. A 50% water/50% antifreeze mixture is usually required. In addition to protecting the engine block from freezing, antifreeze has anti-corrosion properties. Top off the brake fluid (and clutch fluid if applicable). Brake fluid absorbs water. Keeping the brake master cylinder full will reduce moisture absorption. Finally, you may want to perform the task of fogging the engine. This will coat internal parts with a thin film of oil to reduce corrosion. |
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Temporary Spares |
| Q. |
How fast can you drive on a temporary spare? |
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A. |
Most temporary spare tires are designed for a maximum speed of 50 mph. Only use this type of tire to reach a facility that can repair or replace your original tire. Before returning your spare to the storage location, check the air pressure. It is common that the air pressure in a temporary spare is higher than in your regular tires. Always read the owner's manual and tire sidewall for specific information. |
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Thermostat |
| Q. |
What does the thermostat do in an engine? |
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A. |
The thermostat is the brain of the cooling system. It senses and controls the temperature of the coolant. When an engine is cold, the thermostat is closed. This keeps the coolant from circulating to the radiator, allowing the engine to warm up to the most efficient operating temperature. Once the engine temperature reaches the thermostat rating, the thermostat opens. When the thermostat opens, the coolant flows to the radiator where it releases heat and circulates back to the engine. |
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Tightening an Oil Filter |
| Q. |
How tight should the oil filter be tighten when changing the oil? |
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A. |
Check the directions on the oil filter or the oil filter packaging. Generally most oil filter manufacturer's recommend putting a thin film of oil on the gasket, spinning the oil filter on until the gasket contacts the engine, and then turning the filter another 3/4ths to 1 full turn. Always follow the directions that come with the filter. |
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Timing Belt |
| Q. |
Does a timing belt have to be changed as part of routine maintenance? |
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A. |
Depending on the engine type, the timing belt should be changed every 60,000 to 90,000 miles. On some engines (called interference engines), if the timing belt breaks severe internal engine damage can result. Always check your owner’s manual for routine maintenance schedules that are specific to your vehicle. |
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Tire Cupped |
| Q. |
What does it mean when tires are cupped? |
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A. |
The tread on the tire has abnormal wear. Cupping can be caused by improper tire balance, weak shocks or struts, or other worn suspension components. This abnormal wear occurs when the tire bounces slightly as it is rotating down the highway. To check your shocks and struts, complete a bounce test on the car. Push down on the end of the car that the tires are wearing abnormally and see what happens. The car should bounce back up and stop bouncing. If the car continues to bounce more than twice, the shocks or struts could be worn. Check both the front and back of the car. Remember to rotate tires every 7500 miles to maximize their life. |
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Tire Leak Test |
| Q. |
How to check for a slow leak in a tubeless tire? |
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A. |
Fill a spray bottle with a soapy water mixture. A small amount of dish detergent in water usually works well. Completely coat the tire by spraying the tread, the bead (the connection between the rubber tire and the rim), and the valve stem. A leak in the tire will start to blow little bubbles. Be sure to carefully check the valve stem and bead because they are common culprits for slow leaks. |
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Tire Pressure and Mileage |
| Q. |
Does tire pressure really impact fuel economy of a vehicle? |
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A. |
Tire pressure can greatly impact fuel mileage. The correct tire pressure is a delicate balance between tire performance, tire life, ride, safety, and rolling resistance. The lower the rolling resistance the tire exhibits, the higher the fuel mileage. However, less rolling resistance also means less traction. Underinflated and overinflated tires can be dangerous. Purchase a high quality tire gauge and check your tires every time you fill up with gas. Inflate to the maximum pressure as designated on the tire placard usually located on the driver's door or door post. |
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Tire Pressure Monitoring System |
| Q. |
What is a tire pressure monitoring system? |
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A. |
A tire pressure monitoring system is used to alert the driver if one tire or a combination of tires is significantly low on pressure. All passenger cars, light trucks, SUVs, and buses that have a gross vehicle weight ratio of less than 10,000 pounds and manufactured on or after September 1st, 2007 are required by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to have a tire pressure monitoring system (except dual wheel axle type vehicles). Automotive manufacturers have had several years to phase in this technology, so your vehicle may have a tire pressure monitoring system already. |
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Tire Repairs |
| Q. |
Is it recommended to use liquid tire sprays to fix a leaking tire? |
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A. |
I would only recommended using liquid tire sprays in emergency situations. The liquid can corrode the inside of the rim and throw the tire off balance. A better fix is to have the tire plugged or patched. A technician can plug a tire without removing it from the rim. However, when a tire is patched it needs to be removed from the rim. Always have the tire and wheel assembly rebalanced if the tire was taken off the rim during the repair. |
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Tire Tread Depth Laws |
| Q. |
What is the minimum amount of tire tread allowed by the law? |
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A. |
Tires are commonly measured in 32nds of an inch. In most states, when a tire tread reaches 2/32nds of an inch it is legally worn out. Wear bars, which are set at 2/32nds of an inch, run from one side of the tire tread to the other. If the tread wears down to these bars, the tires need replacing. The less tire tread you have the more likely the car will hydroplane. Inspect your tires regularly to make sure they have plenty of tread. |
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Traction in the Snow |
| Q. |
What type of car has better traction in the snow – front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive? |
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A. |
Front-wheel drive cars have better traction in the snow. The weight of the engine and transmission over the tires helps the tires get excellent traction on slippery roads. However, rear-wheel drive cars that have traction control can also be good in the snow. |
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Transmission Fluid Servicing |
| Q. |
How often do I need to change the fluid in my automatic transmission? |
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A. |
Many technicians recommend 30,000 to 50,000 miles between transmission fluid changes, but it depends on the vehicle and driving conditions. Always consult your owner’s manual for service intervals. |
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Undercoating |
| Q. |
Is it worth it to have a car undercoated? |
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A. |
If you plan on keeping your vehicle for more than four years and live in an area where road salt is an issue, undercoating can be a valuable addition to your vehicle. Undercoating a vehicle can slow the rust process. Ideally, it is best to undercoat the vehicle when it is brand new, since the underbody is clean at this time. |
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VTEC Engines |
| Q. |
What does the acronym VTEC represent? |
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A. |
VTEC stands for Variable valve Timing and lift Electronic Control. This system allows the engine to optimize its power and torque at different engine speeds (rpm) by variably adjusting the valves. This makes the engine very responsive, but also efficient and lower polluting by burning an extremely precise air-fuel ratio. |
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Warming Up an Engine |
| Q. |
How long should an engine be wwarmed-up before driving? |
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A. |
This depends on how cold it is outside, but generally about 15 - 30 seconds is sufficient to get the oil circulating. After that, you are wasting fuel and adding pollutants to the air. Many places have anti-idling laws. In addition, you shouldn't leave your vehicle unattended when it is idling. After 30 seconds or so, accelerate slowly. Driving the vehicle in a moderate way is the best way to warm it up. The only rationale to idle longer would be to clear the windows for visibility if you couldn't get them clear with an ice scraper. |
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Wax or Polish |
| Q. |
What is the difference between a wax and a polish? |
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A. |
A wax is generally used after the car is polished. A polish removes minor scratches and oxidation by using special chemicals and abrasives. A wax adds a thin layer of protection over the vehicle's finish. Some cleaners combine a polish and wax into one product. However, a two step process using a polish first and then a wax generally produces a better overall finish. |
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White Smoke |
| Q. |
When white smoke comes out from the tailpipe of a car, what might be the problem? |
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A. |
All cars, new ones included, may release a little white vapor when cold. This is caused from condensation in a car's exhaust system. Water dripping from the tailpipe is also fairly common from condensation. However if your car billows out white smoke after it is warm, you may have a problem. White smoke indicates that the engine is burning coolant. This means that coolant is getting into the cylinders and burning with the air-fuel mixture. Another indication of burning coolant would be a low coolant level in the radiator or overflow bottle. A blown head gasket, cracked block, or cracked head can cause coolant to leak into the cylinders. To prevent severe engine damage, do not continue to drive your car. Have a technician look into the problem. |
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Windshield Washer Fluid |
| Q. |
Can water be used instead of windshield washer fluid? |
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A. |
It is not recommended to use only water. Remember, water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. If you live in an area that the temperature gets below freezing, you will risk cracking your car’s windshield washer reservoir and pump. |
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Windshield Washer Fluid Freezing |
| Q. |
It is advisable to add engine antifreeze to a car’s windshield washer water supply tank to keep it from freezing in very cold weather? |
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A. |
Do not add engine antifreeze to the windshield washer supply tank. Engine antifreeze will harm your car's finish and will not work well in cleaning the windshield. Use a product that is specifically designed as a washer fluid and protects against freezing. Buy an all season washer fluid that protects down to -25 degrees F. |
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Windshield Washer Spray Weak |
| Q. |
What is causing only a weak stream of fluid to come from the windshield washer spray nozzles? |
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A. |
The first thing to inspect is the spray nozzle itself. Carefully use a safety pin to clear the nozzle end. If that doesn’t work, inspect the hoses that go from the windshield washer fluid reservoir to the spray nozzles. Look for kinks or holes that may reduce flow. If you don't have any luck with that, you should disconnect the supply hose from the reservoir and blow compressed air through it. This should clear the hoses and nozzles of any dirt, debris, or scaling. Be sure not to be in the pathway of the spray nozzles. Wear eye protection to protect yourself from particles that may be dislodged due by the compressed air. If the hoses and nozzles seem clear, then you may need a new washer pump. |
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Winter Wiper Blades |
| Q. |
What are winter wiper blades? |
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A. |
Winter wiper blades have a protective rubber boot over the pivoting mechanisms on the wiper. This rubber boot keeps snow, ice, and slush from clogging the blade, allowing the wiper to provide even pressure on the windshield even in extreme wintry weather. |
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